Process of veneerim or covering articles with pyroxyline



(Hommel.) J. A. MGGLELLAND. PROCESS 0F VBNBEBLNG 0R GOVERING ARTICLES WITH PYROXYLINE COMPOUNDS, 65o.

4.o Where the article or Nitrit-Ln Sraras arent* timba;

JOHN A. MCCLELLAND, OF LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.

PROCESS OF VENEERING OR COVERING ARTICLES WITH PYROXYLINE COMPOUNDS, &c.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 271,494, dated January 30, 1883.

`Application filed October 5, 1882. (No model.)

Io all whom @t may concern: i

Be it known that I, JOHN A. MGOLELLAND, ofthe city ot' Louisville, in the county ot' Jet'- fersou and State of Kentucky, have invented a new and Improved Process of Veneerin g or Covering Articles with l yroxyline Compounds, &c., of which the following is a specication. 1

My invention may be employed in veneeringv or covering a great variety of articles with any plastic material or compound which may be formed into sheets, and which, by Vbecoming dried after it is applied, or by being subsequently treated, will become hardened but the invention is more particularly intended for .use in veneeringI or covering articles with the materials known as pyroxyline compounds or "Xyloidiiie, produced by treating vegetable fiber with acid. The pyroxyline compound or other plastic material to be used I form into sheets; and theinvention consistsin applying a sheet or sheets of the material to the article to be veneered or covered, in inclosing or surrounding the whole in mobile or yielding material, and in subjecting the inoble or yielding material to pressure to force the'sheet or sheets upon the article and produce an intimate contact of the plastic material with the entire surface to be covered. Where the article is to be veneered over its entire surface or enveloped in between two sheets thereof; but wh ere the plastic material is to be applied to only a part ofv the surface of the article,one sheet only is applied. The mobile or yielding material which I employ may be sand, putty made with a non-siccative oil, or any other material which by pressure may be made to conform to the be veneered or covered. vpiece to be covered is tint and of comparatively large area-such, for instance, as a piece of wire cloth or gauzeit and the sheet or sheets of plastic material applied to one or both sides of it may be placed shape of the article to on a bed of sand Vor other mobile or yielding material contained in a box o r frame. A piece 'ot' board or a plate covered on the under side with putty or other material may be placed over them, and the whole is placed in a hydraulic or other press and subjected to pressure sutlcient to produce a perfect union of the the plastic material it is placed sheet or sheets with the wire cloth o r gauze. Where the article to be veneered-or covered is ot' a round or comparatively bulky naturesuch, for instance, as a doll-it and the sheets of plastic material may be placed, surrounded by sand or other mobile or yielding material, in a two-part box or flask and subjected to pressure.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated. the apparatus which I may employ for veneering or covering articles ot' both the kinds above described.

Figurel represents a sectional elevation ot'a hydraulic press and an apparatus suitable for veneering or covering a piece ot' wire cloth or gauze or other dat article of comparatively large area and little thickness. Fig. 2 represents a section of aboard or plate with putty applied, the same being shown in an inverted position. Figrepresents a similar section ot' a box or frame containing sand or other mobile or yielding material; andFig. a represents a sectional view ot' a two-part box or tlask illustrating the method of veneeringorcoveringadoll or other article of comparatively bulky form.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all lthe Iigures.

It'pyroxyline is employed as a veneering or covering materiah prefer to use it in a green state, as it will then require no artificial application of heat to cause it to adhere firmly to the article to be veneered. The pyroxyline is commonly made in the form of large blocks or masses, and sheets or veneersloi' the required thickness are cut or shaved therefrom, in which condition it is what is known as green77 pyroxyline. i

Referring first to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, A designates the cylinder, B the ram, G the platen, and D the head, of a hydraulic press ot' ordinary construction.

E. designates a box or frame, in which is placed live sand or other mobile or yielding material to-form a bed, E', for the article to be covered.

F designates a board or plate, and F' a layer of putty or composition applied to one surface thereof'. The putt-y or composition maybe made ot' any substance of such mobile or yielding nature that it will conform to the shape ot the article to 'be veneered or covered, and it' IOO ssk

putty is used it may the board or plate, as shown in Fig. 2, and the board or plate then inverted. Felt or other soit material may be used instead ot' putty.

G designates a piece of wire cloth or netting which it is .desired to veneer or cover with the pyroxyline on one or both sides; and in applying the veneer or covering I proceed as follows: lt' the wire-cloth is to be veneered or covered with the pyroxyline on both sides, I iirst place on the bed of sand E a piece of paper, foil, or other material, a, over which is placed a sheet of pyroxyline, b, the object of the paper or foil being to prevent the sand from adhering to the pyroxyline. It' the wire is to be veneered or covered only on one side,I place on the sand a piece of cloth or other fabric instead of the paper or foil and pyroxyline. The wire netting or cloth G is then placed ou the sheet of pyroxyline b, or on the cloth it' the latter is used, and over it is placed a sheet ot' pyroxyline, b', and over the pyroxyline is placed a sheetot paper, foil, or other material, c', to prevent the putty from adhering to the pyroxyline. The board F is then inverted and placed above the box E, as sliowii in Fig. l, and the whole is placed on the platen C ot' the press and subjected to pressure. This pressure is imparted through the putty and sand tothe sheet or sheets ot' pyroxyline and the cloth, if the latterl be used, and they are caused to adhere closely at all points tothe wire, and the upper sheet of pyroxyline is forced into the interstices of the wire cloth or netting, and is caused to adhere iirmly to the opposite sheet ot' pyroxyline or the sheet oi' cloth, which is at the saine time forced upward into the interstices. It the pyroxyline is used in a green state, no heat is required; but if used in adry state the platen U of the press may be made hollow, as shown, and heated by steam in a wellknown manner. It' the platen is heated, the sand E' is very desirable, as it is a heatretaining material. Alter the pressure is removed the paper, foil, or other material is stripped oif the pyroxylin'e, and I thus pro duce a fabric coated or veneered on one or both sides with pyroxyline. It' cloth or canvas is used to cover one side of the wire cloth or netting, it may be previously treated with alum, sulphate of iron, tungstate ot' soda, or

other tireprooiing material to render it fireproof.

Referring now to Fig. 4, H H designate the lower and upper parts of a two-part box or flask for veneering or covering a core to form a doll or other article of rounded or cornpact form. 1n applying my invention to this purpose I first place-in the lowers part, H,'of the box or ilasl; a bed, E', of sand, putty, or other mobile material, on which is placed papei, foil, or other mate-rial, a, and over the latter is placed a sheet of pyroxyline, b. On the pyroxyline I place the core I, which isof the shape desired for the finished article, but slightly smaller in size, and above the core I place a second sheet of pyroxyline, b', and pabe rolled or spread out on l per, foil, or other material, a.

The Lipper part, H', of the box or flask may have a removable cover or top, H2, as here shown, or the said cover or top may be fast on the box.

J designates a concentratingframe, which is of a size to lit easily in the box or iiask H H', and which is beveled on the upper and lower edges. 1f the top H2 is not removable, I place the concentrating-frame J ou the sand which has been placed in the lower part, H, ot' the box or flask, and fill in sand F' above the upper piece, a', of paper or foil, after which the upper part, H, is placed over the concentrating-frame and pressure is applied. It' the said top Hz is removable, the upper part, H', is placed on the lower part, H, the cover is removed, and sand or putty F is filled in, after which the concentrating-frame J is placed on the sand or putty, the top H2 is placed over said frame, and pressure is applied. As the concentrating-frame J is forced down its beveled edges tend to force the sand or putty inward away from the sides of the box or iiask around the article, and to produce a lateral pressure as well as an upward and downward pressure thereon, and thereby the sand is compacted iirmly around the article on all sides, andthe sheets of pyroxyline b b are caused to adhere firmly to the entire surface of the core I. rlhe marginal portions of the sheets ot' p vroxyline are pressed together and caused to adhere, thus forming a fin or rib,'c, around the article, which may be cut oil', it desired. Inasinuch as the pressure imparted through the sand or other mobile or yielding material is very uniformly distributed, the'processis particularly advantageous for veneering or covering fragile articles of very irregular forms.

ln lieu ot' pyroxyline other materials or substances ot' a plastic nature may be used.

The construction of the two-part boxor flask with its concentrating-frame forms no part of vthis invention, neither does the fabric produced b v'my process, but both are made the -subject ot' other applications for Letters Patent.

Although my invention is only here shown as applied to fabrics and dolls, it may be einployed in covering or veneering handles for various articles, and in covering corset-steels and other articles.

There a number of small articles are to be veneered they may be placed at suitable` distances apart between two large sheets of pyroxyline or other material of a plastic nature and subjected to pressure at one'operation, and the said material maybe afterward severed in lines between the said articles, leaving each covered on both sides and both edges.

For veneering some articles which require to be veneered on one side only, the veneering box or'ilaslr may have a solid bearing for the side ofthe article which issnot required to be veneered.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is`

The process of Veueering or covering articles of various forms with material of aiplastic face of the article, substantially as herein ilenature, consisting in applying a sheet or sheets scribed.

ot' plastic material to the article, ii'iclosing or J A. MGCLELLAND surrounding the said article and said sheet or 5 sheets by mobile or yielding material., and sub- Witnesses jecting the mobile or yielding material to press- CHARLES W. Wm'rE,

ure, to force the plastic material upon the surl M. S.THOMPSON. 

